TMC1 is considered a member of a gene family predicted to encode transmembrane proteins. The specific function of this gene is unknown; however, it is known to be required for normal function of cochlear hair cells. Mutations in this gene have been associated with progressive postlingual hearing loss and profound prelingual deafness.

The TMC1 protein is predicted to contain 6 transmembrane domains and to have cytoplasmic orientation of N and C termini. Tmc1 mRNA is expressed in hair cells of the postnatal cochlea and vestibular end organs and is required for normal function of cochlear hair cells.